تحليل الهيكل السلعي للصادرات الزراعية المصرية

The agricultural exports are one of the most important components of Egyptian exports, and one of the foreign currency sources that are needed to drive Egypt's economic development. However, Egyptian agricultural exports face intense competition in global markets, which has led to a decline in agricultural export coverage rate of agricultural imports, resulting in a deficit of commercial balance. 
The problem of research lies in the concentration of agricultural exports on a limited number of agricultural figures and that follows encountering risks and negative effects of recent global market instability lately. The research mainly aims to study and analysis the commodity structure of Egyptian agricultural exports during the period (2005-2021), and to identify the important agricultural exportable crops by studying to the extent of the agricultural commodities contribution to the structure of Egyptian agricultural exports, in addition, In addition to use some indicators that were used to measure the exports diversity, the most important of which are the commodity concentration index, the diversity index, the export compatibility index, and the inclusion and integration index.
The main findings of the research were:
The high degree of commodity concentration in the structure of Egyptian agricultural exports equivalent to about 0.4 points and the diversity degree decline equivalent to about 0.3 points which means that Egypt relies on a small number of agricultural commodities for its exports, thereby, increasing the risk to the State of obtaining foreign currencies earnings whenever these products are encountering price decline, which reduces the State's ability to financing and covering its imports or financing the process of economic development. A compatibility degree decline between Egyptian agricultural exports with the global demand was also noticed during the study period of up to 0.3 points. The results also pointed to the degree decline of integration about the Egyptian agricultural exports into the global markets which is estimated up to 0.22 points. This is due to the possession of 14 agricultural commodities more than 58% of Egypt's total agricultural exports as an average during the period (2005-2021).
Therefore, the research recommends that the country needs to diverse and increase Egyptian agricultural exports, study international markets and know their needs for different goods, determine the extent of the potential of the local production of these goods, and apply international quality standards by raising the quality of Egyptian products by adhering to international standards.